ID pass o oggetto?

Solo il singolo campo utilizzato per la ricerca.

Il chiamante non ha Foo , sta cercando di ottenerne uno. Certo, puoi creare un Foo temporaneo con tutti gli altri campi lasciati vuoti, ma funziona solo con strutture di dati banali. La maggior parte degli oggetti ha invarianti che verrebbero violati dall'approccio per lo più vuoto, quindi evitalo.

Questo andrà sul filo (serializzato / deserializzato) in qualsiasi momento ora o in futuro? Favorisci il tipo di ID singolo sull'oggetto completo who-know-large.

Se stai cercando la sicurezza del tipo dell'ID per la sua entità, allora ci sono anche soluzioni di codice. Fammi sapere se hai bisogno di un esempio.

Modifica: espansione su sicurezza del tipo di ID:

Quindi, prendiamo il tuo metodo:

public Foo GetItem(int id) {}

Solo speriamo che il numero intero% co_de in cui è passato sia per un oggetto id . Qualcuno potrebbe utilizzarlo in modo improprio e inserire l'ID intero intero di Foo dell'oggetto o anche solo il tipo di mano in Bar . Non è sicuro da sicuro a 812341 . In secondo luogo, anche se hai utilizzato il passaggio una versione Foo dell'oggetto, sono sicuro che Foo ha un campo ID che è Foo che qualcuno può eventualmente modificare. Infine, non è possibile utilizzare l'overloading dei metodi se questi esistono in una classe insieme poiché varia solo il tipo restituito. Riscriviamo un po 'questo metodo per apparire sicuri in C #:

public Foo GetItem(IntId<Foo> id) {}

Quindi ho introdotto una classe chiamata int che ha un pezzo generico. In questo caso particolare, desidero un IntId associato solo a int . Non posso semplicemente passare un Foo nudo né posso assegnargli un int accidentalmente. Quindi qui sotto è come ho scritto questi identificatori sicuri per tipo. Prendi nota del fatto che la manipolazione dell'attuale percentuale di IntId<Bar> è solo nel tuo livello di accesso ai dati. Qualche cosa sopra che vede solo il tipo strong e non ha accesso (diretto) al suo int ID interno. Non dovrebbe avere alcun motivo per

Interfaccia IModelId.cs:

namespace GenericIdentifiers
{
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;
    using System.ServiceModel;

    /// <summary>
    /// Defines an interface for an object's unique key in order to abstract out the underlying key
    /// generation/maintenance mechanism.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type the key is representing.</typeparam>
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IModelId<T> where T : class
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a string representation of the domain the model originated from.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>The origin.</value>
        [DataMember]
        string Origin
        {
            [OperationContract]get;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The model instance identifier for the model object that this <see cref="IModelId{T}"/> refers to.
        /// Typically, this is a database key, file name, or some other unique identifier.
        /// <typeparam name="TKeyDataType">The expected data type of the identifier.</typeparam>
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TKeyDataType">The expected data type of the identifier.</typeparam>
        /// <returns>The unique key as the data type specified.</returns>
        [OperationContract]
        TKeyDataType GetKey<TKeyDataType>();

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs an equality check on the two model identifiers and returns <c>true</c> if they are equal; otherwise
        /// <c>false</c> is returned.  All implementations must also override the equal operator.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">The identifier to compare against.</param>
        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the identifiers are equal; otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.</returns>
        [OperationContract]
        bool Equals(IModelId<T> obj);
    }
}

Classe base ModelIdBase.cs:

namespace GenericIdentifiers
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents an object's unique key in order to abstract out the underlying key generation/maintenance mechanism.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type the key is representing.</typeparam>
    [DataContract(IsReference = true)]
    [KnownType("GetKnownTypes")]
    public abstract class ModelIdBase<T> : IModelId<T> where T : class
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a string representation of the domain the model originated from.
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public string Origin
        {
            get;

            internal set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The model instance identifier for the model object that this <see cref="ModelIdBase{T}"/> refers to.
        /// Typically, this is a database key, file name, or some other unique identifier.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TKeyDataType">The expected data type of the identifier.</typeparam>
        /// <returns>The unique key as the data type specified.</returns>
        public abstract TKeyDataType GetKey<TKeyDataType>();

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs an equality check on the two model identifiers and returns <c>true</c> if they are equal;
        /// otherwise <c>false</c> is returned. All implementations must also override the equal operator.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">The identifier to compare against.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>true</c> if the identifiers are equal; otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.
        /// </returns>
        public abstract bool Equals(IModelId<T> obj);

        protected static IEnumerable<Type> GetKnownTypes()
        {
            return new[] { typeof(IntId<T>), typeof(GuidId<T>) };
        }
    }
}

IntId.cs:

namespace GenericIdentifiers
{
    // System namespaces
    using System;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Globalization;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents an abstraction of the database key for a Model Identifier.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The expected owner data type for this identifier.</typeparam>
    [DebuggerDisplay("Origin={Origin}, Integer Identifier={Id}")]
    [DataContract(IsReference = true)]
    public sealed class IntId<T> : ModelIdBase<T> where T : class
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the unique ID.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>The unique ID.</value>
        [DataMember]
        internal int Id
        {
            get;

            set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Implements the operator ==.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="intIdentifier1">The first Model Identifier to compare.</param>
        /// <param name="intIdentifier2">The second Model Identifier to compare.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>true</c> if the instances are equal; otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.
        /// </returns>
        public static bool operator ==(IntId<T> intIdentifier1, IntId<T> intIdentifier2)
        {
            return object.Equals(intIdentifier1, intIdentifier2);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Implements the operator !=.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="intIdentifier1">The first Model Identifier to compare.</param>
        /// <param name="intIdentifier2">The second Model Identifier to compare.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>true</c> if the instances are equal; otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.
        /// </returns>
        public static bool operator !=(IntId<T> intIdentifier1, IntId<T> intIdentifier2)
        {
            return !object.Equals(intIdentifier1, intIdentifier2);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="IntId{T}"/> to <see cref="System.Int32"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">The identifier.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
        public static implicit operator int(IntId<T> id)
        {
            return id == null ? int.MinValue : id.GetKey<int>();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="System.Int32"/> to <see cref="IntId{T}"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">The identifier.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
        public static implicit operator IntId<T>(int id)
        {
            return new IntId<T> { Id = id };
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines whether the specified <see cref="T:System.Object"/> is equal to the current
        /// <see cref="T:System.Object"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">The <see cref="T:System.Object"/> to compare with the current
        /// <see cref="T:System.Object"/>.</param>
        /// <returns>true if the specified <see cref="T:System.Object"/> is equal to the current
        /// <see cref="T:System.Object"/>; otherwise, false.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="T:System.NullReferenceException">The <paramref name="obj"/> parameter is null.</exception>
        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            return this.Equals(obj as IModelId<T>);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Serves as a hash function for a particular type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// A hash code for the current <see cref="T:System.Object"/>.
        /// </returns>
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            unchecked
            {
                var hash = 17;

                hash = (23 * hash) + (this.Origin == null ? 0 : this.Origin.GetHashCode());
                return (31 * hash) + this.GetKey<int>().GetHashCode();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// A <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
        /// </returns>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return this.Origin + ":" + this.GetKey<int>().ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs an equality check on the two model identifiers and returns <c>true</c> if they are equal;
        /// otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.  All implementations must also override the equal operator.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">The identifier to compare against.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>true</c> if the identifiers are equal; otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.
        /// </returns>
        public override bool Equals(IModelId<T> obj)
        {
            if (obj == null)
            {
                return false;
            }

            return (obj.Origin == this.Origin) && (obj.GetKey<int>() == this.GetKey<int>());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The model instance identifier for the model object that this <see cref="ModelIdBase{T}"/> refers to.
        /// Typically, this is a database key, file name, or some other unique identifier.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TKeyDataType">The expected data type of the identifier.</typeparam>
        /// <returns>The unique key as the data type specified.</returns>
        public override TKeyDataType GetKey<TKeyDataType>()
        {
            return (TKeyDataType)Convert.ChangeType(this.Id, typeof(TKeyDataType), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Generates an object from its string representation.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">The value of the model's type.</param>
        /// <returns>A new instance of this class as it's interface containing the value from the string.</returns>
        internal static ModelIdBase<T> FromString(string value)
        {
            if (value == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("value");
            }

            int id;
            var originAndId = value.Split(new[] { ":" }, StringSplitOptions.None);

            if (originAndId.Length != 2)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", "value must be in the format of Origin:Identifier");
            }

            return int.TryParse(originAndId[1], NumberStyles.None, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out id)
                ? new IntId<T> { Id = id, Origin = originAndId[0] }
                : null;
        }
    }
}

e, per completezza della mia base di codice, ne ho scritto anche uno per le entità GUID, GuidId.cs:

namespace GenericIdentifiers
{
    // System namespaces
    using System;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Globalization;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents an abstraction of the database key for a Model Identifier.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The expected owner data type for this identifier.</typeparam>
    [DebuggerDisplay("Origin={Origin}, GUID={Id}")]
    [DataContract(IsReference = true)]
    public sealed class GuidId<T> : ModelIdBase<T> where T : class
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the unique ID.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>The unique ID.</value>
        [DataMember]
        internal Guid Id
        {
            get;

            set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Implements the operator ==.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="guidIdentifier1">The first Model Identifier to compare.</param>
        /// <param name="guidIdentifier2">The second Model Identifier to compare.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>true</c> if the instances are equal; otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.
        /// </returns>
        public static bool operator ==(GuidId<T> guidIdentifier1, GuidId<T> guidIdentifier2)
        {
            return object.Equals(guidIdentifier1, guidIdentifier2);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Implements the operator !=.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="guidIdentifier1">The first Model Identifier to compare.</param>
        /// <param name="guidIdentifier2">The second Model Identifier to compare.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>true</c> if the instances are equal; otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.
        /// </returns>
        public static bool operator !=(GuidId<T> guidIdentifier1, GuidId<T> guidIdentifier2)
        {
            return !object.Equals(guidIdentifier1, guidIdentifier2);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="GuidId{T}"/> to <see cref="System.Guid"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">The identifier.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
        public static implicit operator Guid(GuidId<T> id)
        {
            return id == null ? Guid.Empty : id.GetKey<Guid>();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="System.Guid"/> to <see cref="GuidId{T}"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">The identifier.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
        public static implicit operator GuidId<T>(Guid id)
        {
            return new GuidId<T> { Id = id };
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines whether the specified <see cref="T:System.Object"/> is equal to the current
        /// <see cref="T:System.Object"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">The <see cref="T:System.Object"/> to compare with the current
        /// <see cref="T:System.Object"/>.</param>
        /// <returns>true if the specified <see cref="T:System.Object"/> is equal to the current
        /// <see cref="T:System.Object"/>; otherwise, false.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="T:System.NullReferenceException">The <paramref name="obj"/> parameter is null.</exception>
        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            return this.Equals(obj as IModelId<T>);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Serves as a hash function for a particular type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// A hash code for the current <see cref="T:System.Object"/>.
        /// </returns>
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            unchecked
            {
                var hash = 17;

                hash = (23 * hash) + (this.Origin == null ? 0 : this.Origin.GetHashCode());
                return (31 * hash) + this.GetKey<Guid>().GetHashCode();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// A <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
        /// </returns>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return this.Origin + ":" + this.GetKey<Guid>();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs an equality check on the two model identifiers and returns <c>true</c> if they are equal;
        /// otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.  All implementations must also override the equal operator.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">The identifier to compare against.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>true</c> if the identifiers are equal; otherwise <c>false</c> is returned.
        /// </returns>
        public override bool Equals(IModelId<T> obj)
        {
            if (obj == null)
            {
                return false;
            }

            return (obj.Origin == this.Origin) && (obj.GetKey<Guid>() == this.GetKey<Guid>());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The model instance identifier for the model object that this <see cref="ModelIdBase{T}"/> refers to.
        /// Typically, this is a database key, file name, or some other unique identifier.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TKeyDataType">The expected data type of the identifier.</typeparam>
        /// <returns>The unique key as the data type specified.</returns>
        public override TKeyDataType GetKey<TKeyDataType>()
        {
            return (TKeyDataType)Convert.ChangeType(this.Id, typeof(TKeyDataType), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Generates an object from its string representation.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">The value of the model's type.</param>
        /// <returns>A new instance of this class as it's interface containing the value from the string.</returns>
        internal static ModelIdBase<T> FromString(string value)
        {
            if (value == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("value");
            }

            Guid id;
            var originAndId = value.Split(new[] { ":" }, StringSplitOptions.None);

            if (originAndId.Length != 2)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", "value must be in the format of Origin:Identifier");
            }

            return Guid.TryParse(originAndId[1], out id) ? new GuidId<T> { Id = id, Origin = originAndId[0] } : null;
        }
    }
}

Sono certamente d'accordo con la tua conclusione. Il passaggio di un ID è preferito per alcuni motivi:

1. È semplice. l'interfaccia tra i componenti dovrebbe essere semplice.
2. Creare un oggetto Foo solo per l'id significa creare valori falsi. Qualcuno può commettere un errore e utilizzare questi valori.
3. int è più esteso alla piattaforma e può essere dichiarato in modo nativo in tutte le lingue moderne. Per creare un oggetto Foo dal chiamante del metodo, probabilmente dovrai creare una struttura dati complessa (come l'oggetto json).

Penso che sarebbe saggio stabilire la ricerca sull'identificatore dell'oggetto come suggerito da Ben Voigt.

Tuttavia, ricorda che il tipo di identificatore dell'oggetto può cambiare. Come tale, vorrei creare una classe identificativa per ciascuno dei miei articoli e consentire solo la ricerca degli articoli tramite queste istanze di questi identificatori. Vedi il seguente esempio:

public class Item
{
  public class ItemId
  {
    public int Id { get; set;}
  }

  public ItemId Id; { get; set; }
}

public interface Service
{
  Item GetItem(ItemId id);
}

Ho usato l'incapsulamento, ma puoi anche rendere Item ereditare da ItemId .

In questo modo, se il tipo di ID cambia lungo la strada, non devi modificare nulla nella classe Item o nella firma del metodo GetItem. Solo nell'implementazione del servizio dovresti cambiare il tuo codice (che è l'unica cosa che cambia comunque in tutti i casi)

Dipende da quello che fa il tuo metodo.

Generalmente per Get methods , è opportuno passare id parameter e recuperare l'oggetto. Mentre per l'aggiornamento o SET methods avresti inviato l'intero oggetto da impostare / aggiornare.

In alcuni altri casi in cui method is passing search parameters (come raccolta di singoli tipi primitivi) per recuperare un insieme di risultati, potrebbe essere saggio a use a container to hold i parametri di ricerca. Questo è utile se nel lungo periodo il numero di parametri cambierà. Pertanto, would not need per modificare signature of your method, add or remove parameter in all over the places .